H13模具鋼和3Cr2W8V模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)是我國(guo)目前使用(yong)(yong)(yong)最廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)兩種(zhong)鍛造(zao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)，其(qi)中(zhong)H13模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)因良好的(de)(de)(de)綜合力學(xue)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)及抗(kang)熱(re)(re)(re)冷疲勞性(xing)(xing)能(neng)勝任(ren)一(yi)般熱(re)(re)(re)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鍛造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。但由于(yu)H13模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)作為中(zhong)耐熱(re)(re)(re)型執作模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)，其(qi)工作溫(wen)(wen)度不(bu)(bu)宜超過(guo)(guo)600度，且淬(cui)(cui)透性(xing)(xing)差不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)制造(zao)大(da)截面模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。3Cr2W8V模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)是我國(guo)比較(jiao)早的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)且應用(yong)(yong)(yong)最廣(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)高強熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)鍛模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)，其(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)良好，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度可達650度，但因其(qi)冷熱(re)(re)(re)疲勞性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)差，容易因冷熱(re)(re)(re)疲勞而產(chan)生(sheng)龜裂。而DM模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)為最近幾年研發出的(de)(de)(de)新型熱(re)(re)(re)鍛模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)，通過(guo)(guo)3種(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)鍛模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)曲線的(de)(de)(de)測定(ding)(ding)(ding)及微觀(guan)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)，對(dui)比分析3種(zhong)鍛造(zao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)優劣及在(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)微觀(guan)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)變化。3種(zhong)實驗(yan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電渣重熔冶煉，其(qi)化學(xue)成分如表(biao)1所示(shi)，熱(re)(re)(re)處理工藝(yi)及硬(ying)度值如表(biao)2所示(shi)，其(qi)中(zhong)淬(cui)(cui)火加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)冷卻(que)均在(zai)真空淬(cui)(cui)火爐(lu)中(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)，等箱式回火爐(lu)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)實驗(yan)溫(wen)(wen)度下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)(xing)回火。熱(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)箱式爐(lu)分別將試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)在(zai)580、620、650度保溫(wen)(wen)24h，然后測試(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)溫(wen)(wen)度下(xia)(xia)3種(zhong)實驗(yan)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)洛式硬(ying)度值。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)發射(she)掃描(miao)電鏡觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)保溫(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)度下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)微觀(guan)組(zu)(zu)織，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)高分辨投射(she)電子顯微鏡對(dui)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)保溫(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)度下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)進行(xing)(xing)觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)，并標(biao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)碳(tan)化物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)類型。

結果表明：

（1）在580、620、650度(du)保溫(wen)(wen)24h熱穩試驗中，DM模(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)的硬(ying)度(du)始終高于H13模(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)和3Cr2W8V模(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang)；且隨著保溫(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的升高，硬(ying)度(du)前期(qi)下降的速度(du)越快，后期(qi)均趨(qu)于平穩。

（2）在(zai)(zai)650度熱(re)穩(wen)(wen)定過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，3Cr2W8V模(mo)具(ju)鋼中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)W元素大量固溶于(yu)基(ji)體中(zhong)，產生(sheng)(sheng)固溶強化作用，而DM模(mo)具(ju)鋼在(zai)(zai)熱(re)穩(wen)(wen)定過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)由于(yu)亞穩(wen)(wen)相(xiang)在(zai)(zai)高溫下(xia)分(fen)解析出M2C型(xing)碳化物產生(sheng)(sheng)硬化現象，同時由于(yu)大量Mn元素固溶于(yu)基(ji)體，阻礙(ai)了(le)馬(ma)氏體基(ji)體的回復，兩者相(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)成保證了(le)其優越的熱(re)穩(wen)(wen)定性能。